Worldwide, tetanus is estimated to cause over 200,000 deaths annually, mostly in neonates and young children, but the disease is so rarely reported that all figures are only rough estimates. Patients with burns, surgical wounds, or a history of injection drug abuse are especially prone to developing tetanus. In developing countries, tetanus in young children (neonatal tetanus) follows contamination of the umbilical stump, often after dressing the area with dung. It has also occurred in some intravenous drug abuser who reuses injection needles. The injury itself may be trivial and disregarded by the individual. The bacteria enter the body through breaches on the skin and mucosal (internal surfaces of the body), usually via a deep cut, wound, or burn. ![]() It is characterized by sudden onset of muscle stiffness, painful muscular contraction, and involuntary jerky movement. Tetanus is a medical emergency caused by a bacterial infection.
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